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There are Function and Purpose of Tourism as follow :

The Functions of Tourism

As for summary of tourism benefited for a state, the functions of tourism can be formulating as follows:


1.Tourism is an important factor to keep the unity of nation, which it is the people on the different are, dialectal, mores and also goal feel multifarious of manner.

2.Tourism becomes the important in economic expansion, because it is an activity that pushes the growth or some economic sectors o f nation for example:
a.Improving urbanization because of growth not – stopped of development and renewal of facility waste. These matters cover the development and repair facilities of tourism.
b.Inspire the new industry related to service waste for example: effort of transportation, accommodation (hotel, motel, marionette waste and encampment) which need the extension of some industry like hotel, equipment and handicraft.
c.Adding request for agriculture picking because of increasing usage.
d.Extending good local market.
e.Supporting national incomes with the foreign currency so that lessen the deficit in payment balance and there by more forward it national economy.


D.The Purpose of Tourism
The people doing travel or going a tourism object by some reasons or purpose. According to Mc.Intosh(1972), there are four motivations or reasons in doing travel, they are:

1.Physical motivation
People do traveling to recover their physic from exhaustion, for example taking a break, relax and having sport activity.

2.Cultural motivation
People want to do travel because they desire to see a cultural progress of a national, both in ancient, about the custom one to another nation.

3.Interpersonal motivation
Interpersonal motivation is motivated by desire to visit the family in the distance or to find an old friend.

4.Status and prestige motivation
There are certain people who want to show status in their society by traveling, so that their prestige will rise and also their status. Most people only know purpose of tourism is just for pleasure. Actually, it can be divided into some purpose, they are:
1.Business tourism
It is a kind of tourism in which the tourist are coming to have official purpose, trade business or interrelated to his or her job, congress, seminar, conversation and symposium.
2.Vocation tourism
It is a kind of tourism which the travelers are consisting of the people who are traveling on furlough or vacation.
3.Education tourism
This tourism is aimed at studying a certain knowledge field, such as : study tour or in linguistic called “Polly clottish: means to increase the ability of foreign language.
4.Spiritual tourism
Spiritual tourism is kind a lot of tourism whose purpose Is to see or visit a regional ceremony.


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One of the experts, Yoety classifies kinds of tourism importantly, because they can fix how much income can be accepting from kind of tourism. It is very important for the people to know more about the prospect of tourism. Tourism give advantages for government and all of people that support to progress of the national development. Therefore, the experts classify kinds of tourism as follows:


1. Based on to geographical are where tourism expended. Tourism is divided into five, they are:

a.Local tourism
Local tourism has relatively narrow scope and limited main places. Citizens who stay in this region visit it and foreigners may participate to join them, for example, West Borneo Tourism.

b.Region tourism
Regional tourism is tourism expended by a wide spot when it is comparing with national tourism. For example : DIY, Bali and Jakarta.

c.National tourism
National tourism is narrowing mean, National tourism is a tourism that is developing in the country. The meaning is synonymous with domestic tourism where the citizens and foreigners stay in that country.
National tourism for the wide meaning is developing tourism in a country. Either domestic tourism is expanded inside the country includes “ in –bound tourism “ and “ out – going tourism “.

d.Regional – international tourism
Regional tourism is tourism expanded by a wide spot when it is compared with national tourism. For example, DIY , Bali and Jakarta.

e.International tourism
International tourism is synonym of word tourism, which tourism is expanded in the whole country of the world, including Regional- International tourism and National Tourism.

2. Based on to the influence toward balance of payment. Tourism is divided into two, they are:
a.In – bound tourism
This kind of tourism is signed by indication of foreigners who enter the main places, because it is called in – bound tourism, it can fill the income for local country visited by tourists.

b.Out- going tourism
This kind of tourism is signed by indication of regional citizen go outside the country as a tourist. It is call out – going tourism, because it inflicts balance of payment. The money should be spend inside country, carry out abroad and inflict for original. Therefore, people seldom expand this tourism.

3.Based on to reason or purpose of travel. Tourism is divided into four, they are :

a.Business tourism
Business tourism is a kind of tourism where the tourist come for duties, trading, communicating with their Job, codgers, convention meeting, symposium and usually the tourist who visit those destination do not have much time to go.

b.Vocational tourism
Vocational tourism is a kind of tourism where the people who do travelling, consist of people who are having vocation holiday and choose the places they want as their choice.

c.Educational tourism
Educational tourism is a kind tourism where tourist are studying or learning a science, including study – tour and observation for improving knowledge and science.

d.Spiritual tourism
Spiritual tourism is a kind of tourism, the purpose of which to visit a region ceremony, sometimes it will be responsibility for a region or forgiving their sins, to the God. For example, “ Haji “ and “ Umroh “ for Moslems in Mecca City and visiting Vatica City in Rome for Christians, they will visit those place without compulsion and in their belief to the God and stronger.

4.Based on to time visit. Tourism is divided into two, they are:
a.Seasonal tourism
Seasonal tourism is a kind tourism that continuous mainly time, including summer, autumn and spring tourism the ordinarily signed by sport activities.


b.Occasional tourism
Occasional tourism is a kind of tourism where tour relate to occasion or event such as; Ngaben, Galungan And Kuningan in Bali for a funeral procession of burning the corps after presented for certain time, Robo – robo festival in Mempawah, West Kalimantan that is held each ten of safar (Moslem month in Hijriah) for rejecting bad luck, beside on their ten of safari is the worst day for people.

5.Based on to the object to visit. Tourism is divided into seven, they are :
a.Cultural tourism
Cultural tourism is kind of tourism, which motivates people for doing travel caused by performance of art in the country or region. So that the object they visit is the heritage of old people and ancient things, these things usually unique, amazing, even unbelievable with great architecture as likes statue, mosque and graves.

b.Recuperation tourism
It is called as recuperation tourism, because it is the efforts to heal the disease which is not only done by checking up to the doctor and taking medicine but also another treatment is visiting the place which can help the people to relieve their disease problem. For example; they would be plashed to take bath in warm that consist, sulfur minerals to care their skin or health and therapy for their disease and also a lot of people say that it can make people become younger.

c.Commercial tourism
Its is also called as commercial tourism, because the travel is related to the process of national or international trading , promotion, and launching a new product for marketing purpose. The places where the event are held such as: Expo, Fair, and Exhibition.

d.Sport tourism
Sport tourism is tourism where people who travel with purpose to watch or see game in main country beside that sometime choose tourism to perform or participate in some sport activities. For example people go to The Mount Everest to take climbing sport, visiting Langkawi Malaysia to participate and to see the bike competition “ Tour the Langkawi “, or the football competition Manchester United versus Real Madrid and the badminton competition “ Thomas and Uber Cup “ in Bangkok Thailand.

e.Political tourism
It is kind of tourism, which purpose to see an event that concern with state activity. For example: Indonesia Independence Day. All of these many function in developing tourism and the government can apply this system improving the services for tourist to make our tourism better developed five kinds of tourism above can increase the government of Republic of Indonesia income in the future.


f. Social tourism
Social tourism is only seen the shape of its implementation and do not form to take advantages from it. For example : Study Tour and Picnic.

g. Religion tourism
Religion tourism is tourism where the main purpose is to see or to watch religion ceremony.


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Definition of Tourism

The development of science and technology makes people always compete each other and make people busy with their own activity. The Activity that they do make the people frustrated, feel bored and stressed. To eliminate the stressed feeling, most people use their leisure time to refresh their feeling. One of the activities that people do is making a tour to a tourism object.

Generally, Indonesia has many potencies of tourism. The potency of tourism spreads in all districts in Indonesia. Every district of tourism offers different attraction to the visitors. Therefore the visitors want to come in that district, and also the tourism object has not been developing by government seriously.
Tourism comes from the Latin word “tournus” which means journey, acting of going from one place to another place. The word “ tour” is defined as journey visiting several places and usually taken pleasure.

According to Pundit (1999), the meaning of the word “travel” is going on a journey to a particular place, usually by using some means of transportation. The function of transportation can be explained as follows.
First, going from place to place or visiting various places and countries for business or pleasure. Second, taking the journey through around or within a particular area. Third, going or cover particular distance to move a particular speed or in a particular way. Fourth, going from place to place as sales person as part of a business. Fifth, retaining its quality or freshness while being transported; to be transmitted or communicated; observing to scan an object or scan in the process of observing of film.

Therefore, terms or words can be combined as what people usually heard by the tour and travel. The tour and travel can be defines as the process of doing journey to a particular place for pleasure, education, business, adventure, and religion responsibilities.

According to the Law No.9 in 1990 about tourism, tour is travel activity or part of that activity that has done voluntarily and temporarily, to enjoy the tourism object and attractions.

According to Sculled (1992:12), tourism is the sum of operation, mainly of an economy nature, which directly related to the entry, stay and movement of foreigner inside certain country, city or region. And economy gives the restriction, so that is much more economical aspect, but is not showing explicitly, sociology, psychology or tourism geographical aspect.

Mathieson and Wall (1982) created a good working definition of tourism as the temporary movement of people to destinations outside their normal places of work and residence, the activities undertaken during their stay in those destinations, and the facilities created to cater to their needs.

According to Spillane (1982:20) tourism is doing trip activity to get pleasure, satisfaction and knowledge and to cure illness, enjoy sport or res, carry out duty, making a devotional visit to a sacred place and others.

On the other hand, McIntosh and Gupta in Yoeti (1992:8) defines tourism as the sum of the phenomena and relationships arising from interaction of tourists, business suppliers, host governments and host communities in the process of attracting and hosting these tourist and other visitors.

According to two Swiss Scientific experts in tourism, Henniker and Kraft (1996:30), tourism is the sum of phenomena and relationship arising from the travel and stay of none resident, and so far they do not lead the permanent residence and are not connected with earning activity. Then, that definition accepted by the international of association of scientific expert in tourism.

Wahab (1993:106-107) and Yoeti stated that tourism is purposeful human activity that serve as a link between people either within one or some countries or beyond the geographical limits. It involves that temporary displacement of people to another region, country or continent for the satisfaction of varied need other than exercising a remunerated function.

Mc.Intosh (1995:10) stated that tourism is a composite of activities service and industry that deliver a travel experience, transportation, accommodation, eating, shopping, entertainment, activity and other hospital services available for industry or group that are away from home.

According to Leiper (1981:49),tourism as an open system of five elements interacting with broader environments, the human element, tourist, three geographical elements generating region, transit route and destinations region, and a economic element, the tourist industry.

According to Yoety (1991:21), tourism is a journey in a temporary time from a place to another place, which is not purpose for business oriented but it is not only perform to enjoy the journey for the sake or recreation oriented.

According to Hornby (2001:8) defined tourism is a journey in which a short stays are made at a number of places, and traveler finally return to his or her own place.

According to Chooper (1996:43) stated that tourism as the temporary movement to destination outside the normal home and work place, the activities undertaken during the stay and facilities created to cater for the needs of tourist.

From some of definitions of tourism above, actually the experts have the same point about tourism; they are only different in making definition of tourism. It has point that is travel from one place to another in order to get pleasure and satisfaction.

Now a days the scope of tourism has widened, it involves every aspect that can support the tourist to obtain the resources and the society, which the synergy among this factor will create a satisfactory service to the tourist. Due to this fact Hamallik (1978:¬¬ s14) states that tourism was the purpose to introduction the culture, the beautiful of nature and hospitality of Indonesia people. It was also purpose increase of society and to give chance to the local tourist to understand their own culture as well.



From the description above, the tourism give some advantages in society are:
1. To open the work opportunity
The development of tourism sector can give the opportunity to Indonesian, labor force. It can absorb many unemployed people for example when an investor wanted to mange a tourism object, they should prepare the facility that could support it, as hotel, art shop, and restaurant. These will create new job for the local settler.
2. To increase the local income
The local government will obtain income from the tourist object in the region. This income will also distribute to other sector in order to improve the life of society in this region.
3. To increase the national foreign exchange
By the income from the foreign tourist automatically this condition will give advantages to Indonesian government, the foreign currency will be us in the payment of international trade.
Besides the advantages, tourism can also bring bad impact to the Indonesian people. The followings are some disadvantages that are caused by the tourism:
1. The miss – management of a tourism object will ruin the nature of it environment for example : if there is a tourism object to built in the jungle, it requires a hotel so that the wood will be cut. This will disturb the harmony of jungle ecosystem.
2. There is possibility of losing the historical things. The historical things consider as precious many people interest to have it for the own. To obtain a personal profit one will try to steal the historical things.
3. There is shift of meaning on the purpose of performing the traditional ceremony in a certain place, for example : the worship to the god. But now some traditional ceremony holds only for the sake entertainment in order to give attraction to tourist.
The advantages above will give bad impact to our country and for the tourism it self. So if we want to build tourism object we must have a good planning in order to the tourism object will give big contribution to our country.
One thing that support the development of tourism is tourist, tourism and tourist is something that can not be separated the tourist could make a drop with some ways because by different reason. A trip is considering as tourism if it meets two conditions, they are:
1. It must be temporary
2. It has character of voluntary; it means that it is not caused by compulsory.
The people who are on holiday and make a tourism traveling to add the knowledge want to enjoy the nature. Therefore, the purpose of tourism traveling is to enjoy the trip in wide meaning. From a point of economic view of country that receives tourists, international tourists can be divided into two categories, they are:
1. Real tourist or holidaymakers who do a trip for leisure.
2. The person who comes on be half of business or job, study and mission.



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